Kristina M. Finnel, MSW Candidate, Arizona State University West.
Purpose: Gang violence is more criminally orientated, ruthless, and dangerous than ever before. However, the number of gang violence prevention workshops is lacking, and there are few empirical studies to examine the benefits of these programs. The purpose of this project was to design and implement a gang violence prevention workshop among youth, and evaluate the students' knowledge retention from the workshop. This study consisted of the gang prevention workshop as the independent variable, the students' knowledge retention of the workshop as the dependent variable. Age, race, sex, education level or grade and educational institution were used as the control variables. Method: The gang prevention workshop was designed with the goal of educating its audience about the existence of gang violence, providing healthy alternatives to gang involvement, and empowering its participants to make positive choices when facing violent gang encounters. It was implemented to a sample of youth (N = 145 ), between the ages of 12 and 15, from six City of Phoenix sites. These sites included one Catholic middle school, one assisted living agency, two public middle schools and two elementary schools. Lastly, in analyzing and evaluating the data, evaluation tools such as the “Gang Violence Quiz” were used to measure the student's retention of knowledge and skills with the information obtained from the workshop. Quantitative data was collected before the presentation (pre-test) and after the presentation of the workshop (post-test). The questionnaire consisted of questions designed to evaluate the students' knowledge, covering topics such as: reasons youth join gangs, activities gangs participate in, prevalence of gangs in our country and/or state, the risks associated with joining a gang, and healthy alternatives to joining a gang. Qualitative data was collected with student interviews, known as “Gang Violence Interview”, one week after the presentation of the workshop to further assess the effects of the workshop. These interviews were used to gather narrative information on the students' retention of knowledge from the workshop and whether they think the gang violence workshop was beneficial. The data was analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics and a paired-samples t-test to evaluate if there were any mean differences between the pre- test and the post-test. Results: The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the means scores of the pre-test compared to that of the post-test, suggesting that the gang prevention workshop was effective in enabling the students to retain knowledge of the information they received. Implications: With the increase in violence amongst youth gangs, social workers need to take a proactive stance and be aware of the violence associated with gangs and be prepared for youth clients that may be part of or susceptible to a gang. Professionals need to assist in designing and implementing new programs and interventions to educate youth on the of gang affiliation. Gang violence is a serious menace, and social workers need to direct their attention and therapeutic interventions to this growing problem in the schools.
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