Lisa Berger, PhD Candidate, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
The current investigation examined the relationship of several workplace environmental and employee risk factors to employee problem drinking as indicated by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Union-represented employees in two university occupational categories, Administrative Support and Blue Collar, were surveyed by means of a mailed self-report instrument. This study population was chosen as employees in certain lower socioeconomic groups have been found to have higher rates of alcohol dependence when compared to employees in higher socioeconomic groups (Harford, Parker, Grant, & Dawson, 1992). Data collection used Dillman's (2000) Tailored Design method, which yielded an overall response rate of 68% (weighted N = 409). Binary logistic regression analysis found the factors of “hazardous workplace environment” (OR = 1.14; p = .036), employee report of “having met most friends at work” (OR = 5.21; p < .001), gender (i.e., being male) (OR = 3.78; p = .002), and having completed less education (OR = .592; p = .034) to be associated with employee problem drinking. Receiver operating characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictor value, and area under the curve) examined the ability of the risk factors in distinguishing between employee problem and non-problem drinking (based on the AUDIT). Results suggest that the risk factors have good potential as a workplace alcohol prescreening test. Although the positive predictor value was low (35.4%), the factors yielded a sensitivity of 80.0%, a specificity of 77.6%, and an overall classification accuracy of 77.9% based on the determined optimal cutoff point of .15. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted using the optimal cutoff point, with the ROC-area under the curve determined to be .82. The .82 value represented a good model in terms of accuracy in distinguishing between employee problem and non-problem drinkers. Future investigations will field test the risk factors as a workplace alcohol prescreening tool. Due to the sensitive nature of employee problem drinking, a minimally intrusive alcohol prescreening test for the identification of employees at risk for alcohol problems may have potential utility in Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs). This workplace alcohol prescreening test would not query employees on the frequency and quantity of their alcohol use but would assess for risk factors associated with employee problem drinking. Such a tool may be perceived by employees as less threatening when compared to alcohol screening instruments that query directly about alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. In addition, such a tool could be used to prescreen all employees who utilize the services of EAPs. Future implications for social work practice include the development of an alcohol prescreening instrument that may be effective in the identification of at risk employees in need of further assessment.
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