Society for Social Work and Research 18th Annual Conference: Research for Social Change: Addressing Local and Global Challenges

January 15 - 19, 2014

The transition to adulthood and self-sufficiency is never easy, but it can be particularly challenging for young people who make the transition to adulthood from foster care each year. Many of these young adults are unable to turn to their parents or other family members for financial and/or emotional support. Nor can they usually count on the state for continuing support once they have been discharged from care, generally at or around their 18^th birthday. Consequently, the transition to young adulthood is often very difficult for these young people (Barth, 1990; Collins, 2001; Cook et al, 1991; Courtney, 2009; Festinger, 1983; Pecora et al, 2005; McMillen et al, 2005).

It was not until 1986, when Congress amended the Social Security Act to include the Title IV-E Independent Living Program, that federal policy acknowledged the needs of these young people. Title IV-E has been amended several times since then in efforts to improve support for foster youth making the transition to adulthood. Most recently, in 2008 the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act (“Fostering Connections Act”) created a state option to extend foster care past 18 to age 21. In order for youth to be eligible to remain in care they must participate in education, employment, or employment-related activities or be deemed to have a medical condition that keeps them from doing so. Whether and how states will take up the option to extend care are important policy and practice questions. 

This symposium presents findings from the ongoing Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth (“Midwest Study”) (Courtney et al, 2004; 2007; 2009; 2010; 2011), which is following young people in Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin as they age out of the child welfare system and transition to adulthood. Baseline interviews were conducted when the young people were 17-18 and were still in out-of-home care (n = 732; 95% response rate) and follow-up interviews have been conducted at 19, 21, 23-24, and 26 with over 80% of the baseline sample being retained at each follow-up. The Midwest Study provides timely evidence regarding the transition to adulthood for foster youth and is a vital source of information to help inform policy and practice targeting youth making the transition to adulthood from foster care. Taking advantage of the rich data generated by the Midwest Study, this symposium includes presentations on the following topics relevant to the transition to adulthood for foster youth: a latent-class analysis of youths’ self-reported maltreatment experiences prior to placement in care; prevalence and predictors of the self-reported experience of maltreatment while in care by foster youth making the transition to adulthood; the relationship of educational attainment to later earnings and employment for young adults formerly in state care; and psychosocial pathways to sexually transmitted infection risk among youth transitioning out of foster care. Our findings have implications for social work practice and call into question the adequacy of the Fostering Connections Act as a policy framework for foster youth in transition.