Family Interaction and Social Stigmatization of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Puerto Rico

Purpose: This study aims to understand the manifestation of HIV/AIDS stigma in the family context and how this could impact in the life of people living with HIV/AIDS. Method: Nine focus groups were carried out with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) (N=67) divided according to their reported mean of transmission: a) two groups of men infected by unclean needle sharing for injecting illegal drugs (n=21); b) three groups of men infected by having unprotected sex with men (n=14); c) three groups of women reporting infection via multiple transmission routes (e.g. heterosexual relations without protection and blood transfusion) (n=22); and d) a group of women exposed to HIV/AIDS by unclean needle sharing for injecting illegal drugs (n=10). Results: 52% of participants were males and 48% were females; 52% were between 44 a 54 years and 32% were 33 to 43 years of age.  Thematic categories emerged from the analysis. For the purpose of this paper, we will emphasize the following three categories: 1) fear of infection and family dynamics, 2) non-disclosure, and 3) life as a couple. Discussion: The results evidence how HIV/AIDS stigma is still manifested by family members of PLWHA. These manifestations can potentially hinder social support and increase fear and isolation. Recommendations: Research and education efforts should continue addressing stigma manifestations among family members of PLWHA. Family inclusion in medical and psychosocial interventions is highly recommended for decreasing stigma and build a support network for PLWHA.