Creating, Optimizing, Practices. for Endurance (COPE): A Stress Reduction Program for College Students

Background/Purpose: It is estimated that approximately 6 percent of young adults in the general population nationwide will meet criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD following a traumatic event, including symptoms such as poor concentration and intrusive thoughts, which can also severely interfere with school functioning (Kataoka et al. 2012). The number of students dealing with trauma has increased significantly on college campuses. The increase of sexual assault, domestic violence and date rape has led to mandatory federal programs on college campuses to assist victims of these offenses.  According to the American General Psychiatry (2012) students report post-traumatic symptoms after their trauma that often effects their college success such as depression, anxiety, nervousness, and irritability.  Students that have been in situations of abuse and trauma are dealing with symptoms of PTSD or related disorders and need access to services to address their mental health needs.  College can be a stressful time for students which can trigger or exacerbate any presenting issues. 

The purpose of Creating, Optimizing, Practices, for Endurance (COPE) was to reduce mental health stressors in college students at a Historical Black College and University (HBCU) in the South who have experienced trauma by establishing an alternative behavioral practice program.

Methods: This study was experimental in nature and mix methods. The study consisted of an eight- week stress reduction program using yoga, mindfulness, guided imaginary, essential oils, and Reiki specifically for college students that have experienced some form of trauma. Each weekly session consisted of a featured complimentary alternative modality lesson and how the method could be used to assist in reducing stress and trauma indicators.

The sample population consisted of 15 African -American college female students (ages 18-60) who had experienced some form of trauma in their life such as domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, life experiences, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Participants were recruited by fliers distributed throughout campus. The screening process consisted of participants completing an application and an interview. Participants were given the following measures before and after the program to assess traumatic symptomatology indicators: (1.) Life Events Checklist, (2.) Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and (3.) Patient Stress Questionnaire. The last session of the program testimonials were given by the participants and transcribed into narratives. The program was conducted by two BSW faculty and the campus Violence Prevention Coordinator. Program officials are certified Reiki masters, and or experts in one of the complimentary modalities.

Findings:  Data analysis revealed students stress and trauma indicators were reduced by 30 percent at the end of the program.  Worrying, anxiety, and irritability were the top stress indicators reduced. Qualitative data narratives indicated participants adapted complementary alternative modalities in their lifestyles and used the modalities daily to reduce stress indicators.

Conclusion and Implications: Findings highlight how complimentary alternative modalities can be used to reduce stress indicators among college students. The program can serve as a model for universities to implement to reduce stress and trauma on their campus.