Older African American Men's Perspectives on Factors That Influence Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Self-Management and Peer-Led Interventions

Background: Older African American men are at increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) but demonstrate high rates of poor illness management.  They also participate in interventions targeting illness management at extremely low rates and are at high risk for dropout from clinical trials. One modifiable factor that has been identified in the literature that contributes to these disparities is health beliefs particular to men.  Yet, despite the fact that illness management interventions have been developed to meet the needs of African Americans, none have followed recommendations to use gender-sensitive programming to meet the needs of men. The primary aim of this study was to advance our understanding of the intersection of age, race/ethnicity and gender on T2D self-management among older African American men with T2D and to explore their preferences for a peer-led T2D self-management intervention.

Methods and analysis: Two focus groups were conducted with older African American men (n = 16) over a 6-month period. Sessions lasted 90 minutes, were audiotaped, and analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques using a phenomenological approach.

Findings: Three themes emerged which included (a) the influence of gender values and beliefs on health behavior; (b) quantity and quality of patient-provider communication; (c) social and structural barriers to T2D self-management; and (d) preferences for peer-led T2D self-management interventions.

Conclusions: Results suggest that gender values and beliefs, patient-provider communication and social and structural barriers may have implications for T2D self-management in older African American men and that this population may be receptive to a peer-led T2D self-management intervention.