Validation of the Positive Childhood Experiences Scale Among Black Emerging Adults: Implications for Trauma Informed Care

Introduction: Black young adults are at a higher risk for exposure to trauma and violence as a result of established structural inequalities. Despite this, some young people are able to identify positive experiences from childhood as a resource to promote resilience among this population. This study aims to address a critical gap in trauma-informed research by focusing on the validation of the Positive Childhood Experiences (PCE) scale within a demographic that has been underexplored—emerging adult Black Americans.

Methods: A sample of 619 young Black adults, aged 18-29, provided self-reports on positive childhood experiences using the PCE scale. Validity assessments of the PCE scales were evaluated based on relationships to participants' mental health, cultural pride, and heritage reports, as these metrics are known variables that intersect with positive experiences for young people, Black Americans in particular. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to evaluate the appropriateness of the single-factor structure in this specific sample.

Results: The findings revealed an acceptable fit for the single-factor model. Particularly noteworthy were the identified positive correlations between PCE scores and Afrocultural orientation norms, emotional regulation, and Afrocentric Self-Regard. Conversely, negative correlations emerged between PCE scores and attitudes towards drug use, anxiety, depression, and internalization of negative stereotypes.

Discussion: This study underscores the importance of a nuanced understanding of positive childhood experiences within the realm of trauma-informed care. By validating the PCE scale in a population historically underrepresented in such studies, our research contributes to the broader trajectory of understanding the importance of trauma-informed practices. Importantly, it highlights the critical need for incorporating positive childhood experiences into the discourse, as they play a pivotal role in shaping resilience and well-being. Implications for practice and future research are provided.