Examining Correlates of Mental Health Among Bangladeshi Street Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mental health-related problems, including depression, loneliness, resilience coping, and social isolation of street children, are complex and multifaceted in Bangladesh. Street children are the marginalized population in Bangladesh who live in public spaces (e.g., the street) and experience overwhelming challenges to live their day-to-day lives, including poverty, homelessness, violence, substance abuse, and exploitation that leads to developing depression, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other mental health challenges. Moreover, lack of access to basic needs, including education and healthcare, deteriorates their vulnerabilities and forces them to engage in child labor, commercial sex work, drug smuggling, theft, and psychological distress through human trafficking. Despite the prevalent global concern, the mental health and well-being of street children-related research is minimal. This study examines the predictors of mental health and well-being of street children and recommends interventions to address their mental health needs. There is also little research on street children’s mental health challenges, coping, and resiliency despite this victimization. The present study will explore the prevalence and magnitude of mental health challenges and abuse among street children, as well as their coping and resilience processes, including individual traits, relationships to potential caregivers, and contextual factors that facilitate a sense of belonging among these children.

Utilizing a cross-sectional research design, about two hundred street children were recruited to participate from a non-profit organization named “Ek Ronga Ek Ghuri [EREG]” in Bangladesh. Five standardized protocols were used to collect the study data, including a 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale, 6-item Lubben Social Network Scale–6 (LSNS-6), 10-item CESD Scale, 6-item Resilience Scale, and 26-item coping self-efficacy scale. The study found that participants were between 10 and 18 years old, with many 13 (28.5%) years old. Many street children were males, about 78.5%. The highest number of participants (61.2%) could read. Loneliness was significantly correlated with depression (r = .397, p <.001), However, social isolation and depression are negatively correlated (r = -.155, p <.001). Social isolation and coping strategies are statistically significantly correlated (r = .33, p <.001). Otherwise, street children who are experiencing high levels of loneliness are also experiencing high levels of depression. However, these street children who are experiencing high levels of social isolation also utilize high levels of coping strategies to address their mental health needs.

Interventions should prioritize early identification and intervention, aiming to provide comprehensive psychosocial interventions tailored to the unique needs and circumstances of street children. Culturally sensitive and trauma-informed approaches that empower street children to express their experiences and emotions in a safe and supportive environment are essential. The findings add knowledge to social work education, research, and practice areas. Providing adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and social support services might help this population access such services. The study has implications in international social work education and practice areas. Collaborative partnerships between government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and local communities are crucial for the development and implementation of effective interventions that address the root causes of street children's mental health challenges.