Preparing High-Risk Youth for Community Reentry: Evidence from a Qualitative Study in Israel

Background and Purpose

Youth exiting residential care often face a difficult transition, with long-term consequences for their integration into normative society. In Israel, the Youth Protection Authority (hereafter “the Authority”), under the Ministry of Welfare, is responsible for providing mandatory out-of-home placement for adolescents at high risk due to danger or delinquency. These residential facilities aim to rehabilitate youth by offering a protective, structured, and enriching environment that supports the development of personal responsibility and social integration.

The transition back into the community after discharge is widely seen as a critical juncture that may influence whether these youth follow a normative path or return to cycles of marginalization. This study explores the challenges encountered during this transition and investigates the role of the Authority’s facilities in preparing their graduates for community life, from the perspectives of both staff and alumni.

Methods

This qualitative study included 39 semi-structured in-depth interviews: 16 with staff from the Authority’s residential facilities, and 23 with recent graduates (11 males and 12 females; 19 Jewish and 4 Arab). In addition, a focus group was conducted with four coordinators of a follow-up program for graduates. Interviews were thematically analyzed using Atlas.ti 9 software.

Results

Participants described a range of barriers faced by graduates after leaving the facilities. Some return to unsupportive environments that may trigger emotional distress or renewed antisocial behavior. Many struggle with loneliness and a lack of trust in others, alongside a sharp shift from the structured facility environment to one requiring full independence. Graduates often face difficulties in managing finances or accessing services, and encounter stigma and suspicion from community institutions.

Despite the availability of follow-up support, some youth choose not to engage with it, seeking autonomy after years in care. However, those who do accept support describe it as an important emotional anchor, especially during crises.

The data highlights several factors that ease reintegration. Graduates fare better when they have undergone meaningful therapeutic processes that helped internalize treatment goals; when they began studying or working in the community prior to discharge; and when they received tools for emotional regulation and independent living. Early engagement in military service, employment, or vocational training following discharge is another key facilitator of successful adjustment.

Conclusions and implications

Findings point to the need for the Authority to prioritize preparation for community reintegration and provide flexible, sustained support following discharge. Residential facilities should serve as long-term anchors for graduates, with particular emphasis on the first months after exit. Post-care support should integrate therapeutic and practical elements, including rights advocacy, job placement assistance, and financial aid and guidance. Importantly, the level and type of support should be tailored to each graduate’s needs and preferences, promoting autonomy while maintaining a sense of connection. In addition, more investment is needed in educational and vocational training during the residential phase to support long-term personal growth. Further research is recommended using quantitative methods to assess graduates’ integration into normative life and identify predictors of success in areas such as employment, education, and crime desistance.