Understanding the Social Determinants of Social Isolation and Health As Experienced By Older Latine/a Adults

Research Type: Qualitative/Phenomenological

Cluster/Topical Area: Aging Services and Gerontology/Social Network and Supports

Abstract

Social isolation is a form of disconnection and a growing public health and social problem that affects the overall well-being of all older adults. Although indicators of the social determinants of health describe the factors of social isolation among other racial and ethnic groups, little is known about the subpopulation of older Latines. The study builds upon that gap by exploring the lived experiences of social isolation including limited social support among a sample of older low-income, urban-dwelling Latines that reside in an older adult residence in northern NJ. The purpose of the study was to better understand the psychological and social determinants of health that contribute to their lived experience as well as their resilience in the face of limited social connection with others. This phenomenological study included in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine participants. The data was analyzed thematically using interpretive phenological analysis. The nine participants were recruited using purposeful and snowball sampling. The questionnaire covered six areas of their experiences and perceptions of the social determinants of health including their experience of social isolation, social environment, health and mental health, resilience, and connection to family and friends. Findings: The five main themes were: (1) current reflections on being socially isolated, lonely, or having limited social support; (2) current experiences of receiving support from the community based agency; (3) the present joy and fear of living in the neighborhood and community; (4) current reflections of disappointment in expecting to live with their loved ones; (5) reflections of past negative experiences of childhood and young adulthood. Four subthemes emerged from the study: (1b) current reflections of support from family and friends; (1c) reflections on past experiences of resiliency in their lives; and (1d) current reflections on experiencing emotional and mental well-being. Discussion: The older Latine participants described their causes of social isolation and limited social support from earlier thoughts and feelings of subjective childhood memories, lack of trust, community safety, and poor relationships with family and children, yet despite the challenges that contribute to their isolation and loneliness, most of the older Latine participants emphasized their overall happiness and satisfaction from their families in addition to agency workers, church friends, and the overall community. They are resilient and find other ways to remain connected to others. Implications: The study results should inform social work policy, research, and practice to address the individual, social, and structural components that inhibit social connections and engagement with others.