A Qualitative Study of Experiences of African Immigrant Direct Care Workers in Chicagoland

Background and purpose: The population of African immigrants working in long-term support services as direct care workers (DCWs) is increasing. However, there is a significant gap in understanding how their work-related experiences influence their overall well-being and care provision. Therefore, this study sought to understand the experiences of African immigrant DCWs providing care in homecare agencies and assisted living facilities in Chicagoland.

Methods: The study used a qualitative exploratory design to understand the experiences of African immigrant DCWs. We interviewed 15 African immigrant DCWs who have worked for at least one year in long-term care facilities from January to March 2025. We used constructive grounded theory and applied an intersectionality lens to guide data collection and analysis.

Results: Four categories emerged that informed the work-related experiences of African immigrant DCWs: transnational values, racism and xenophobia, acculturation in the U.S, and family support system in the U.S. These categories had either a positive or negative influence on experiences on providing care for those with long-term care needs. Participants highlighted the coping strategies they employ to manage negative work-related experiences, in turn, enabling them to remain in caregiving work.

Conclusions and implications: Policymakers and long-term care administrators must consider the experiences of African immigrant DCWs when developing strategies to enhance their well-being and to integrate these findings in efforts to improve the quality of long-term care in the U.S.